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Introduction

The FA20D engine was a 2.0-litre horizontally-opposed (or 'boxer') 4-cylinder petrol engine that was manufactured at Subaru's engine institute in Ota, Gunma. The FA20D engine was introduced in the Subaru BRZ and Toyota ZN6 86; for the latter, Toyota initially referred to information technology as the 4U-GSE before adopting the FA20 proper name.

Primal features of the FA20D engine included information technology:

• Open deck blueprint (i.e. the infinite between the cylinder bores at the top of the cylinder block was open);
• Aluminium alloy block and cylinder head;
• Double overhead camshafts;
• Four valves per cylinder with variable inlet and exhaust valve timing;
• Direct and port fuel injection systems;
• Compression ratio of 12.5:1; and,
• 7450 rpm redline.

FA20D cake

The FA20D engine had an aluminium alloy cake with 86.0 mm bores and an 86.0 mm stroke for a capacity of 1998 cc. Inside the cylinder bores, the FA20D engine had bandage iron liners.

Cylinder caput: camshaft and valves

The FA20D engine had an aluminium alloy cylinder head with chain-driven double overhead camshafts. The 4 valves per cylinder – ii intake and two exhaust – were actuated by roller rocker artillery which had congenital-in needle bearings that reduced the friction that occurred between the camshafts and the roller rocker arms (which actuated the valves). The hydraulic lash adjuster – located at the fulcrum of the roller rocker arm – consisted primarily of a plunger, plunger spring, check ball and cheque ball leap. Through the utilize of oil pressure and spring forcefulness, the lash adjuster maintained a abiding nada valve clearance.

Valve timing: D-AVCS

To optimise valve overlap and utilize exhaust pulsation to enhance cylinder filling at loftier engine speeds, the FA20D engine had variable intake and exhaust valve timing, known as Subaru's 'Dual Active Valve Control System' (D-AVCS).

For the FA20D engine, the intake camshaft had a threescore caste range of adjustment (relative to crankshaft bending), while the frazzle camshaft had a 54 degree range. For the FA20D engine,

• Valve overlap ranged from -33 degrees to 89 degrees (a range of 122 degrees);
• Intake elapsing was 255 degrees; and,
• Exhaust elapsing was 252 degrees.

The camshaft timing gear associates contained advance and retard oil passages, as well as a detent oil passage to make intermediate locking possible. Furthermore, a sparse cam timing oil command valve assembly was installed on the forepart surface side of the timing chain cover to make the variable valve timing mechanism more compact. The cam timing oil command valve associates operated according to signals from the ECM, controlling the position of the spool valve and supplying engine oil to the advance hydraulic sleeping accommodation or retard hydraulic bedchamber of the camshaft timing gear assembly.

To modify cam timing, the spool valve would be activated by the cam timing oil command valve assembly via a signal from the ECM and move to either the right (to advance timing) or the left (to retard timing). Hydraulic pressure in the advance chamber from negative or positive cam torque (for advance or retard, respectively) would apply pressure level to the advance/retard hydraulic chamber through the accelerate/retard bank check valve. The rotor vane, which was coupled with the camshaft, would so rotate in the advance/retard management against the rotation of the camshaft timing gear associates – which was driven by the timing chain – and advance/retard valve timing. Pressed by hydraulic force per unit area from the oil pump, the detent oil passage would go blocked so that information technology did not operate.

When the engine was stopped, the spool valve was put into an intermediate locking position on the intake side by leap power, and maximum accelerate land on the exhaust side, to set for the side by side activation.

Intake and throttle

The intake arrangement for the Toyota ZN6 86 and Subaru Z1 BRZ included a 'sound creator', damper and a thin condom tube to transmit intake pulsations to the cabin. When the intake pulsations reached the sound creator, the damper resonated at certain frequencies. According to Toyota, this design enhanced the engine consecration noise heard in the cabin, producing a 'linear intake audio' in response to throttle application.

In contrast to a conventional throttle which used accelerator pedal try to determine throttle angle, the FA20D engine had electronic throttle control which used the ECM to summate the optimal throttle valve angle and a throttle control motor to control the angle. Furthermore, the electronically controlled throttle regulated idle speed, traction control, stability command and cruise control functions.

Port and direct injection

The FA20D engine had:

• A direct injection system which included a high-pressure fuel pump, fuel delivery pipe and fuel injector assembly; and,
• A port injection system which consisted of a fuel suction tube with pump and gauge associates, fuel pipe sub-assembly and fuel injector assembly.

Based on inputs from sensors, the ECM controlled the injection volume and timing of each type of fuel injector, according to engine load and engine speed, to optimise the fuel:air mixture for engine conditions. According to Toyota, port and straight injection increased performance beyond the revolution range compared with a port-only injection engine, increasing power by up to 10 kW and torque by up to xx Nm.

As per the table beneath, the injection organization had the following operating conditions:

• Cold start: the port injectors provided a homogeneous air:fuel mixture in the combustion chamber, though the mixture effectually the spark plugs was stratified by compression stroke injection from the direct injectors. Furthermore, ignition timing was retarded to enhance exhaust gas temperatures so that the catalytic converter could reach operating temperature more quickly;
• Depression engine speeds: port injection and direct injection for a homogenous air:fuel mixture to stabilise combustion, meliorate fuel efficiency and reduce emissions;
• Medium engine speeds and loads: straight injection only to employ the cooling effect of the fuel evaporating as it entered the combustion chamber to increase intake air volume and charging efficiency; and,
• High engine speeds and loads: port injection and straight injection for high fuel flow book.

The FA20D engine used a hot-wire, slot-in blazon air flow meter to mensurate intake mass – this meter immune a portion of intake air to flow through the detection area so that the air mass and period charge per unit could be measured direct. The mass air menstruum meter also had a built-in intake air temperature sensor.

The FA20D engine had a pinch ratio of 12.5:i.

Ignition

The FA20D engine had a direct ignition system whereby an ignition coil with an integrated igniter was used for each cylinder. The spark plug caps, which provided contact to the spark plugs, were integrated with the ignition scroll assembly.

The FA20D engine had long-reach, iridium-tipped spark plugs which enabled the thickness of the cylinder head sub-associates that received the spark plugs to be increased. Furthermore, the water jacket could be extended near the combustion bedroom to enhance cooling performance. The triple footing electrode type iridium-tipped spark plugs had sixty,000 mile (96,000 km) maintenance intervals.

The FA20D engine had flat type knock control sensors (not-resonant type) attached to the left and right cylinder blocks.

Exhaust and emissions

The FA20D engine had a 4-2-1 frazzle manifold and dual tailpipe outlets. To reduce emissions, the FA20D engine had a returnless fuel system with evaporative emissions control that prevented fuel vapours created in the fuel tank from being released into the atmosphere by catching them in an activated charcoal canister.

Uneven idle and stalling

For the Subaru BRZ and Toyota 86, there take been reports of

• varying idle speed;
• rough idling;
• shuddering; or,
• stalling

that were accompanied past

• the 'check engine' calorie-free illuminating; and,
• the ECU issuing fault codes P0016, P0017, P0018 and P0019.

Initially, Subaru and Toyota attributed these symptoms to the VVT-i/AVCS controllers not meeting manufacturing tolerances which caused the ECU to discover an abnormality in the cam actuator duty bicycle and restrict the operation of the controller. To gear up, Subaru and Toyota developed new software mapping that relaxed the ECU's tolerances and the VVT-i/AVCS controllers were later on manufactured to a 'tighter specification'.

At that place have been cases, however, where the vehicle has stalled when coming to residuum and the ECU has issued error codes P0016 or P0017 – these symptoms have been attributed to a faulty cam sprocket which could cause oil pressure loss. As a result, the hydraulically-controlled camshaft could not respond to ECU signals. If this occurred, the cam sprocket needed to exist replaced.

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Source: http://www.australiancar.reviews/Subaru_FA20D_Engine.php

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